![]() The only way an excavator can know the precise location, number, and types of utilities is to contact the underground utilities coordinator, and request that the locations be marked. For various reasons, including security, the precise location of the utilities may not be indicated. Pipeline markers, signs, or other indicators may or not be visible to warn of the presence of underground utilities. ![]() Before digging, local governments often require that the underground systems' locations be denoted and approved, if it is to be in the public right-of-way. In the United States, it is estimated that subsurface lines amount to over 20,000,000 miles (32,000,000 km) in total. Public utility systems are often run underground-some by the very nature of their function, others for convenience or aesthetics. In some locations, major oil and gas pipelines, national defense communication lines, mass transit, rail, and road tunnels also compete for space underground. These mains may include lines for telecommunication, electricity distribution, natural gas, cable television, fiber optics, traffic lights, street lights, storm drains, water mains, and wastewater pipes. Utility location is the process of identifying and labeling public utility mains that are underground. Utility locator tool in use (Perry, Oklahoma, 2011)
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